Polly Tisdall, the current recipient of the Kevin Elyot Award, is publishing an audio diary, ‘Kevin Elyot, Crop Circles & Me’ as part of her residency at the Theatre Collection as she explores the Kevin Elyot archive and her own writing practice. The annual award established in 2016, generously funded by an endowment from members of Kevin’s family, supports a writer-in-residence at the Theatre Collection to inspire a new dramatic work or other creative or academic outcome. It is given in memory of Kevin Elyot (1951-2014) – an alumnus of the University of Bristol Drama Department – and the influence he has had on writing and the Arts.
Episode 6 is available to listen to below along with a transcript. If you haven’t listened to earlier episodes, please head to the previous Kevin Elyot Award blog posts. Polly’s audio diary is also available to listen to via Polly’s website with new episodes being published throughout her residency.
It’s brilliantly sunny outside.
I think we’re entering this April heat wave.
And it’s funny, sometimes I find the sunshine not very cheerful, which is unexpected. For some reason. I suppose it’s when I don’t feel particularly sunny and the world is sunny. It feels a little bit incongruous, and maybe I notice it more than I do in the winter when everything is grey. I suppose today I’m just. I’m not at the archive today. I’m reflecting back on my last few visits and I’m sitting in one of those moments of the creative process of writing, where I’ve just done a big chunk of work.
I’ve submitted the next draft of a play I’ve been working on for a long time to the Women’s Prize for Playwriting last week, so I’m very pleased to have submitted it. So there was this kind of big adrenaline rush and build up to the submission and getting everything to where I wanted it to be to the best it could be for that award submission. And then there’s kind of a drop. And a coming back to other projects and I’m refocusing on Crop Circle, which has been bubbling along in the background and which can now take centre stage for the next 6 months or so at least, which is exciting. And I’ve booked a research trip next weekend to go and spend some time in the very area where the Crop Circle Cafe was when I was growing up, near Cherhill White Horse in Wiltshire. So all of that is really positive. And I’m still feeling very inspired by reading Kevin’s work and Kevin’s drafts at the archives. Just on Friday I was reading through The Day I Stood Still, one of his slightly later plays that was staged at The National in 1998. And really enjoying reading, again, his notes, his process, the reflections from critics, the conversations with directors that he was having in advance of the production. It’s fascinating. And it is so inspiring and exciting. But I also had a conversation with a friend yesterday, who’s also a theatre maker in Bristol. Um, which was a really good connecting conversation. But we also shared our frustrations with the realities of getting work produced and getting work made.
And so, I think there’s something for me today. Questioning. Is it going to happen? You know, is any of this work that I write and I put down and I painstakingly edit and change and shift – Is it ever going to appear in front of an audience? And that is, you know, the question of every playwright, and we all know it’s such a competitive and lottery type of industry, really, when it comes to getting your work made and put on and produced. And it’s such an expensive process. And so not everything that everybody writes is going to go the whole distance. But it’s hard sometimes, I think, to sit in this moment of questioning. Because, I think I felt on this award and this residency with Bristol Theatre Collection, a real closeness to Kevin through reading his work, a closeness to: ohh it can happen, you know, it really can happen! You send things off and you make relationships and you keep at it. And those plays go the distance eventually, and then, you know, he gets these really incredible productions on, which is testament to his writing as well as his persistence, I think. And he’s quoted in an article I was reading on Friday, saying he always knew recognition would come, and he was willing to wait for it. And I think that’s how I felt in my 20s. I kind of felt like if I just keep grafting, the recognition will come. So I recognise that and it’s lovely to hear him sort of trusting that. And and it did pay off. But there are moments of real doubts, I think and and the reality of.
I suppose the present moment, maybe as opposed to when Kevin was writing – I haven’t done an in-depth analysis of the difference between the two and the theatre landscape and funding and appetite than you work and all of those things – but I think…
Today I’m feeling a bit low and a bit unsure and most of that is probably it’s like an after a show feeling. I’m also an actor, and I know – and a director, and I know – that kind of come down after a show and I think it feels a bit like that having finished this draft of one of my plays and sent it off, there’s a bit of a. And now what? And and it’s bringing up lots of questions and a. Bit of a kind of –
So that is honestly where I am. Still feeling inspired by Kevin’s process and journey but questioning my own and questioning what the next steps are for writers. You make something, you write something you’re proud of. And then it feels like there’s only so many avenues to go down for production, and perhaps I’m wrong about that. I’m trying to think creatively at the moment. You know. If we want to get our work staged, if we want to just put it on and test it out and try it out, with an audience. And what are the ways we can do that and what are the ways we can take agency in making that happen and in making those next steps? Not waiting and feeling powerless about it, waiting for someone else to pick it up and say this is great. So those are the questions I’m asking today.
Polly Tisdall, the current recipient of the Kevin Elyot Award, is publishing an audio diary, ‘Kevin Elyot, Crop Circles & Me’ as part of her residency at the Theatre Collection as she explores the Kevin Elyot archive and her own writing practice. The annual award established in 2016, generously funded by an endowment from members of Kevin’s family, supports a writer-in-residence at the Theatre Collection to inspire a new dramatic work or other creative or academic outcome. It is given in memory of Kevin Elyot (1951-2014) – an alumnus of the University of Bristol Drama Department – and the influence he has had on writing and the Arts.
Episode 5 is available to listen to below along with a transcript. If you haven’t listened to earlier episodes, please head to the previous Kevin Elyot Award blog posts. Polly’s audio diary is also available to listen to via Polly’s website with new episodes being published throughout her residency.
So I’m just at my favourite cafe, across the road from the Theatre Collection, and I just wanted to share, I guess, the workshop that I just ran with the Theatre Collection. We welcomed some playwrights, mostly playwrights, theatre makers and a few people who are also actors and directors, to come and hear some extracts from different drafts of My Night with Reg. As a kind of chance to reflect, really, on Elyot’s writing process and how he drafts and redrafts and the edits he makes. And the title of the workshop was What Is Lost? and, I suppose I set that title thinking about that, that old idea of killing your darlings as a writer and having to, I suppose, just occasionally, get rid of something that you really love, but which doesn’t serve the play anymore, or rearrange things or edit down or totally rewrite until the same theme is actually coming through more clearly or the same character arc or emotion.
So, that’s what we were exploring in the workshop. And then we had an opportunity for people to share different drafts of their own writing, which was really wonderful as well. And I just wanted to share tiny extracts of the three different drafts of My Night With Reg that we looked at just this afternoon. So the first one, they’re all quite late drafts of the play, quite far on in Elyot’s process, overall. But it’s really fascinating to see how much changes across these three drafts. I’ll only give you a few lines from each, because we read about 6 pages from each one, which is obviously quite a lot! But this is the earliest of the three drafts, and it begins.
It’s the very first scene of the play, the opening of the play, and I’ll just share, maybe the first half a page or so.
Scene One
Late afternoon, cloudy. Guy is preparing the room for guests. Last minute dusting and tidying. Eric is in the conservatory painting a window frame. John leans against the doorway to the conservatory, watching him. He is smoking a cigarette. A bowl of nuts sits on the coffee table.
Guy: I refuse to die for the sake of a poke. I’ve caught every disease there is to catch many times over, and several simultaneously. I only have to wink at somebody and I get a discharge down at the clinic. They now have a whole cabinet devoted to my files. The hours I’ve spent in that place trussed up on a table, thumbing through House and Garden. While one doctor after another has gazed in amazement at some exotic fungus or extraordinary polyp. I was even accused of introducing the Super crab to this country. Very large and particularly tenacious. In fact, my doctor said it was the first case of venereal lobster he’d ever come across. He tried everything. Powders, lotions, tweezers. At one point, he even asked them to go. In the end, he suggested I jump into a pan of boiling water and serve myself up Thermador.”
So that’s the opening of the play, in this particular draft, with that monologue from Guy, and then in the next draft, as the play is developing, we get this version instead.
Scene One
Every Breath You Take by The Police starts playing as the stage lights come up. The music fades. Late afternoon, cloudy. Guy is pouring two gin and tonics at the drinks table. Eric is in the conservatory painting a window frame. He’s listening to a Walkman, occasionally moving to the music. John leans against the entrance to the conservatory, watching him.A bowl of nuts sits on the coffee table.
Guy: You’ve got that look about you. Who was it and what did you do? No, I don’t want to know.
John: The film wasn’t up to much. Two hours of French people talking, couldn’t see the point. When’s everyone coming?
Guy: Everyone is two people. Any minute now.
John: Two people for a flat warming?
Guy: Four, including us and that suits me fine. Glancing through the names in my address book, I realised I didn’t like most of them and the rest had either split up or died. Of the ones who’d split up I couldn’t decide which partner to invite. And the dead people were no problem at all.
Handing John the drink.
Cheers.
John: Cheers. To your new flat.
Guy: Thanks.
So that’s the next version of the scene and in both of them, I should say, Guy is talking to John and John has just arrived at his flat and that probably wasn’t clear from the monologue opening of the first one I read just then.
And then this is the third – and very close to final – draft of the scene, which, if you know the play, you might be familiar with.
Scene One
Every Breath You Take by The Police starts playing as the lights come up. The music fades. Late afternoon. Cloudy. Eric is painting a window frame in the conservatory. He’s listening to a Walkman. John and Guy are standing in the sitting room. Guy is wearing an apron.
John. Am I early?
Guy: No.
John: I couldn’t remember what time you said.
Guy: You’re not, really.
John glances at the apron. Guy suddenly remembers he’s wearing it.
Taking it off.
I was just stiffening some egg whites.
John: You look well.
Guy: Do I?
John: Yes.
Guy: I’ve been to Lanzarote.
John. Oh.
Guy: You look well too.
John: Thanks.
Guy: You don’t look a day older.
John: Well.
Guy: You don’t. Honestly, you’re just the same.
OK. And that’s the end of that first page of the opening scene in that final latest draft, and I just wanted to share those with you because in the workshop, obviously we read a lot more, but people found it really fascinating. To read them in sequence from the earlier draft to the later draft, and to note what has changed and what becomes what, I suppose, is either lost or buried within the text, and Elyot has a real reputation for the craft of the unsaid, of saying so much through what is not said on stage.
And I think in reading those three drafts in sequence, you can see the craft of that building. He loses more and more text and more and more of the avert statements. You know, in that very first draft, we have this very clear opening line: ‘ refuse to die for the sake of a poke.’ And we observed in the workshop tonight, it’s almost like that’s just stating one of the key themes of the play: about desire and death and mortality against the backdrop of AIDS and how people are dealing with that reality and the decisions they’re making. That is very upfront in this earlier draft and the relationship between Guy and John, although I didn’t read you sections on that, is much more established. They’re much closer already. They’re much more connected, they’re much more in touch with one another than they are by the time we get to the final draft. And their dialogue in the final draught allows the audience to discover so much more of the themes rather than having them stated upfront.
So it’s a real education for me anyway, in observing and reading through these scenes about how our plays develop or how they can develop and the craft and the finessing that happens, I suppose, when you remove text, let the dialogue lead, but keep all of that ticking underneath what’s said. Yeah, it’s just really exciting.
And I think tonight’s workshop was a really exciting opportunity to share some of that with other people, other creatives in the South West and get their input and observations. I learned a lot more about the piece, about the the drafts, by doing that and hearing from other playwrights and then reflecting on our own work and our own drafts. Sometimes it’s hard to know. I think when you’re redrafting and cutting sections of work, there’s a fear that you are just losing things and that they might – You might not be going in the right direction with the edits you’re making. And I think sometimes that does happen. But also, I think from what we observed tonight with the playwrights work that was shared, and also what we observe in Kevin’s work, and what I’m learning as I’m doing this with my own writing with a play I’ve been writing for some time, at the moment that I’m submitting to an award next month – and I’m making some big cuts and changes based on some feedback from a mentor – I guess what I’m learning is that, by and large, most of the time, we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. You know, the the iterative rewriting process. It allows us to maybe get those upfront statements and big themes, you know that were right in the middle of the page. It allows us to get them kind of out of our system, and then embed them beneath the text in a later draft. And that seems to happen fairly naturally, often. Which is exciting and gives me some trust in my own process and in my own rewrites.
Polly Tisdall, the current recipient of the Kevin Elyot Award, is publishing an audio diary, ‘Kevin Elyot, Crop Circles & Me’ as part of her residency at the Theatre Collection as she explores the Kevin Elyot archive and her own writing practice. The annual award established in 2016, generously funded by an endowment from members of Kevin’s family, supports a writer-in-residence at the Theatre Collection to inspire a new dramatic work or other creative or academic outcome. It is given in memory of Kevin Elyot (1951-2014) – an alumnus of the University of Bristol Drama Department – and the influence he has had on writing and the Arts.
Episode 4 is available to listen to below along with a transcript. If you haven’t listened to earlier episodes, please head to the previous Kevin Elyot Award blog posts. Polly’s audio diary is also available to listen to via Polly’s website with new episodes being published throughout her residency.
So, back in the reading room today. I’m just finishing off, going through my My Night With Reg boxes, of which there were so many. And preparing for next month’s workshop as well, which I’m looking forward to running for local theatre makers, writers, practitioners, researchers, during which I think we’ll look at some materials from from MyNight With Reg, because I think they really -There’s such a depth of material, here, about Kevin’s process for that play, particularly.
But before I finish my time with Reg, I wanted to share with you, I suppose, what I’ve gleaned of what might have been some of Kevin’s emotional journey with trying to get this play produced: with writing it, rewriting it, corresponding with potential directors and venues, because I found it particularly enlightening and, and also just emotional to read, for him, some of the correspondence that he had.
So. There’s one venue that he’s corresponding with with a lot, Hampstead, and he obviously has a contact there: Jenny Topper, the artistic director at the time. And and their correspondence reads that there’s definitely a friendship there, an old connection. And I haven’t found huge detail about that, but it’s certainly in the way that they they write to each other and and I get the sense from the correspondence that there’s been continued communication about My Night With Reg, that Jenny’s been really, really interested in the play and its development, and has been supporting it in many ways. And there’s a letter that Kevin writes to her in 1992. And he writes it, and then he rewrites the letter, so I can see him drafting that communication, as we all do, I think with important communications to to venues, to funders, really trying to get the wording right and the tone right. So he writes it and then rewrites it. And and what he ends up with is:
“Dear Jenny. Up to now, it isn’t coming together as I’d have wished.”
Oh sorry. First he writes, “Dear Jenny, Reg is being a bit of a bugger”, and he keeps that line from his original draft.
And then he writes: “Up to now it isn’t coming together as I’d have wished. This is a great disappointment, as the idea has been with me for so long. And I’ve always thought it had potential. I don’t want to abandon the project. I’m still convinced there’s a good play in there somewhere. I’d like to wrestle with it for another month or two to see if it emerges. I look forward to hearing from you. Love.”
So he writes that letter to Jenny in ’92. And presumably continues working with the piece and keeping in correspondence with her about it. And then, in the same box, I came across this letter in July 1993 from Jenny to Kevin.
The letter runs to 4 paragraphs. And so I imagine that she has also taken some time over the writing of it. She starts off by apologising for the wait that Kevin’s had before receiving a considered response on his new draught. And then very quickly comes to her point, which is that she doesn’t think that it works. She acknowledges that this news will be a blow to Kevin and says that she did really want to like the draught. But then explains that she just cannot get interested in this version of Guy’s story and goes on to say that she feels unmoved by him and the other characters, and that they lack an emotional centre. And then her third paragraph states that she doesn’t know where to go from here. She observes that a recent reading of the play that Kevin’s had must have given him a particular agenda, but that she thinks, possibly in attempting to please everyone after that reading, he has lost the tight, driven writing and the atmosphere of the piece. And ended up with something a lot less interesting. And then perhaps hardest of all to read is that she then finishes the letter with kindness. She welcomes Kevin to come and speak to her again when the dust settles and she signs off “with love and regret”.
So when I first read that. In the box that I found it in, I, oh, it’s like a gut punch, you know, it’s a punch to the stomach on Kevin’s behalf. And I could just imagine how much effort and time and relationship and connection and readings, by the sounds of it. And work and edits had gone into this process. And then after a long wait, by the sounds of it, as well, this is the response he gets from the venue that I assume up to that point had been the most interested.
So I just thought it was so enlightening about what all of us as creators and artists experience and and I don’t know which draft Jenny was talking about there. Which one she’d seen. Not that long after he does manage to get it on and – And I think that that’s really telling as well, that we just don’t know. It might just not be for that one person who’s reading it, you know, it might not be to their taste. And there’s something in her letter as well. I think about when a mentor or a venue or a contact has read several drafts of a play. If, actually, it becomes harder for them to fall in love with the final draft, or the next draft, because they’re aware of some of the process and they can see some of the lines being moved around and maybe they’ve got attached to how things were in previous drafts, I don’t know.
But it was really a a punch for Kevin. It must have been a really, really discouraging part of the process. And then, what I find heartening, but also surprising and kind of miraculous, is that obviously he goes on: he pushes on beyond that feedback. Gets it on and then has this huge success with it, not just in this country but also internationally and a few years later there are runs in Berlin in Sydney. It goes to the States and – And Berlin in particular, he has correspondence there with their artistic director. Who let’s him know how well the the run is going, how well it’s being received by audiences.
There’s this lovely postcard that I came across from Steph, the artistic director in Berlin:
“Dear Kevin, I’m very delighted to announce a revival of My Night With Reg, not in our studio, but in our [in capitals], Big House. Good news, aren’t these? Yours, Steph”.
So it really feels that with Reg, Kevin runs the whole gamut of huge disappointment – tonnes of work, getting the sense of getting nowhere, presumably – And then a complete turn around, a complete transformation, and it’s making me think about how emotional and vulnerable the process of playwriting and sharing work with people is. But it’s also made me think about the need to do that.
I think sometimes I’m afraid of sharing my work, particularly in drafts where I don’t feel it’s perfect. But then of course I never feel it’s perfect. So I’m afraid of sharing it and letting people read it and putting it out there because I’m afraid of that feedback potentially, or that negative feedback or things that people say aren’t working. But actually, it is all part of the process and and it might well be that, despite flaws, a venue or a programmer, a reader, is still invested in the play, or despite their feedback, it just might not be for them, and for someone else. So I think reading this process of Kevin’s in these correspondences clarifies that for me, you know. Not everybody will see potential in new writing, but you just need one person. One well-placed person who does fall in love with it. And then, I suppose, anything can happen.
This blog post is by Samuel Adamson, the 2023 recipient of the Kevin Elyot Award; an annual award given to support a writer-in-residence at the Theatre Collection. It is given in memory of the renowned playwright, screenwriter and Bristol Drama alumnus, Kevin Elyot (1951-2014) and the influence he has had on writing and the Arts. The award has been generously funded by an endowment given to the University by members of Kevin’s family. The endowment was gifted along with the Kevin Elyot Archive, which is held at the Theatre Collection, and comprises scripts, correspondence, manuscripts and publicity material detailing Elyot’s working process from initial idea to finished product.
A year or two ago I spent some time as writer-in-residence at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection researching the work of the playwright Kevin Elyot (1951-2014). Here is another article in response to Elyot’s archive. It’s about his play Forty Winks, which premiered at London’s Royal Court Theatre in 2004.
Forty Winks was the last of Kevin Elyot’s plays to be produced in his lifetime. The writing is typically arresting: Elyot’s dialogue thrums with menace, innuendo, resentment, and desire. But it is his oddest and most troubling work. Ian McHugh, whose play How to Curse I love, gets to the heart of the thing in an email he once sent to me:
Almost all the other plays have a capacity for really gutsy humour, but Forty Winks is like a sinister whisper. […] I like that it’s so chilling – that the protagonist’s transgressions are no longer ambiguous as in the previous two plays, that Don [the protagonist] really is beyond all forgiveness.1
I like the play less than McHugh. Ambiguity is central to much drama. I love a sinister whisper, but what do I do with it when it comes from a protagonist whose transgressions are unambiguous, from a man I cannot forgive?
Theorem
Elyot was an allusive writer, and Forty Winks has a key intertext in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Teorema or Theorem (1968), that surreal, beautiful, almost wordless film about a Rimbaud-reading outsider played by Terence Stamp, who seduces and existentially transforms the father, mother, son, daughter and maid of a bourgeois Milanese household. Ambiguity gives the film its tension: are the characters’ transformations/epiphanies good or bad? When Stamp leaves the household, we are left with the disquieting images of the father screaming into the desert, the mother cruising young men, the son making paintings from his own urine, the daughter in the grip of a prolonged fairy-tale sleep, and, indelibly, the maid levitating then immolating herself. Our moral certainties are challenged.
The plot of Forty Winks resembles Theorem’s in that it has at its centre a charismatic and enigmatic visitor to a well-off family who seduces – or in this case has already seduced – each family member. Unlike Emerald Fennell, whose enjoyable film Saltburn (2023) has an identical premise, Elyot acknowledges Theorem as a source: he makes a showing of the film the formative event in the life of his outsider figure Don, who, untypically for Elyot, is heterosexual, and, typically, cannot let go of the past. The play is set largely in 1987, seventeen years after Don’s intense relationship with Diana when they were teenagers. Visiting her in her Hampstead garden, they recall their first ‘serious snog’ in ‘the back row of the Continental,’ the cinema at which, during ‘some Italian movie,’ they experienced an indefinable ‘something,’ an epiphany, perhaps, just like the characters in the film:
DIANA: […] Of course, I didn’t see most of it, but there was some nice Mozart and a dishy guy in tight trousers –
Elyot’s plot turns on a consequence of this cinema outing: Don got behind in his studies, shoplifted a book from which he cribbed to get an essay in on time, and was ratted on by a bully prefect, Howard Cape, who lied to their headmaster that Don was part of a gang of shoplifters. In 1987, Howard is married to Diana, and they have a fourteen-year-old daughter, Hermia, a narcoleptic who one afternoon a year earlier may or may not have been molested on Hampstead Heath as she slept.
Don arrives in the Capes’ garden bordering the Heath one Sunday just as they are preparing to go to a lakeside concert. We learn that Don is still inside Howard’s head as much as Howard is inside Don’s; that Diana still loves Don; that Howard’s gay younger brother Charlie, who suffers from angina and has dropped out of the family business to become – or fail to become – a playwright, has always held a torch for Don; and that Hermia has just returned from the hill on Hampstead Heath where the mysterious incident a year ago took place.
At first, Don seems charming. His inability to let Howard’s betrayals of him go is irrational, but many of us know the residual pain of schoolroom bullying, and Diana’s reignited desire for him, Charlie’s unrequited love for him, the names ‘Diana’ and ‘Hermia’, and the pastoral setting (garden, Heath) combine to fuel what seems at first a comedy of manners about misplaced love in the style of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, or perhaps something darker, like A Winter’s Tale.
But at the end of the Scene Two sequence in the Capes’ garden, Don and fourteen-year-old Hermia are left alone when the others go to the concert. As, tellingly, Rossini’s Overture from The Thieving Magpie is heard from the Heath, Don stares at the sleeping Hermia. In the next scene, Scene Three, we make sense of the play’s short and mysterious Scene One, set some weeks after Scene Two, in which Diana visits Don in a hotel room after a funeral wanting to have sex with him, but leaves when she hears the sound of a thud from the bathroom, presuming it to be another woman.
We learn the funeral was Charlie’s. When he returned to the garden from the concert to collect his angina spray, he saw something that triggered a fatal heart attack: Don and Hermia together. The revelations continue: Don was there on the Heath a year earlier when something happened to the sleeping Hermia. And the thud from the hotel bathroom that Diana heard was the narcoleptic Hermia, falling to the floor as she fell asleep …
Diana does not know that Don’s lifelong obsession with her has led him to her daughter.
Play text published by Nick Hern Books
Don Juan
Forty Winks has a second key intertext, the legend of Don Juan, which surely inspired Pasolini and Fennell: the Terence Stamp and Barry Keoghan characters in Theorem and Saltburn are archetypal Don Juans to whom seduction is (or becomes) second nature. Again, Elyot makes the reference explicit: his Don is, well, named Don. In a Mouth to Mouth notebook, he told himself to ‘[l]oosen shoulders to write a bitchy bitter-sweet comedy about a bastard’ – and by the time he had started to plan Forty Winks, the legend was in the forefront of his mind:
Don Juan an inveterate liar – he takes EVERYONE in. As the play progresses, we GRADUALLY realize what a MASSIVE liar he is.3
In the same notebook, he quoted from Camus’ The Fall:
‘Above all do not believe your friends when they ask you to be sincere with them. If you should find yourself in this situation, do not hesitate: promise to be truthful + lie as best you can.’
He then asked himself if he should ‘[l]ink’ this
with a Don Juan type, a Teorema type? It transpires no-one knows who the Don Juan/Teorema person is, even tho’ he seems to be part of the group. This fact gradually becomes apparent.4
Plays arise from characters double-dealing and lying, to themselves and each other, and like all brave and exciting writers, Elyot dramatised such human defects without judgement, since judgement is the enemy of dramatic tension. When asked if he agreed that there was ‘a disturbing apparent absence of a moral standpoint on the central character, Don, and his dangerous obsession,’ Elyot answered,
Yes […] The protagonists in my earlier plays have been easier to identify with. With Don I wanted to get the audience on his side, and then reveal the truth about him.5
Such objectivity was the playwright’s dogma. He said to doctoral student Laurence Bathurst in 2001 that My Night with Reg ‘probably is about infidelity in general, in dishonesty and lying,’ and when asked whether there is any ‘judgement’ upon the ‘sexual activity of gay men’ in the play, was forthright: ‘I hope not. I hope that is something I have never done.’ He even schooled Bathurst on the difference between the creation of drama and its interpretation by academics and critics: ‘I find when I am writing this thesis,’ Bathurst said, ‘I am constantly thinking – am I making a judgement here? From what angle am I coming? Everybody comes from a particular angle.’ Elyot retorted: ‘But you have to draw conclusions because of the nature of your work. Maybe I don’t.’6
The Don Juan legend challenges an audience’s moral certainties when there is no authorial moral standpoint on a character whose pleasure-seeking is – this is the very point – self-serving and taboo-busting. In its more successful iterations, the audience is seduced: as Christopher Hampton says of his 1974 translation of Molière’s Don Juan, ‘The actor playing Don Juan should set himself a task: to seduce the audience. He should fail, but he probably won’t.’7 Byron’s poem has no trouble doing this because, wittily, he turns the seducer Don Juan into a naïf and makes him the seduced; George Bernard Shaw does something similar to his Don Juan, a comically harassed marriage-avoider, in Man and Superman. In Theorem and in Saltburn, the filmmakers diligently keep the audience seduced by the seducer – even as his seductions multiply and get more outrageous, even as Keoghan penetrates someone’s grave.
But Elyot’s Don is not Molière’s audience-seducer, Byron’s sexual innocent, Shaw’s commitment-phobe, Fennell’s grave-shagger or Terence Stamp at his most dishy. Given what he does to Hermia, this Don is more akin to the Don Juan in the founding text of the legend, Tirso de Molina’s The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest, who as the play opens has disguised himself as Isabela’s husband to, in his word, ‘seduce’ her: our word can be, must be, ‘rape’.8 He is more like the Don in Thomas Shadwell’s 1675 treatment, who ‘fire[s] the hive’ of a nunnery to rape the fleeing nuns.9Forty Winks is a deeply disturbing version of the legend, as there is no moral position on its Don Juan, yet he breaks society’s greatest taboo. (The play is cryptic, but there can be no doubt about it: it is even suggested in a climactic scene set sixteen years after the events in the garden and hotel room that Don’s obsession extends to Diana’s granddaughter).
Unambiguous
This unsettling and in my view flawed play had the worst notices of Elyot’s playwriting career. With its darker and more heterosexual landscape, it in fact represented a change in direction for Elyot, but few critics recognised Theorem as an intertext, none recognised Don Juan, and several saw a dramatist repeating himself – something Elyot feared, as evidenced by the insecure/blocked playwright characters in his plays, and by several poignant signs of vulnerability concerning this matter in his notebooks (though towards the end of his life he was unapologetic: ‘I’m beginning to believe now that you just end up writing different versions of the same play. I don’t think there’s anything bad in that’).10 Charles Spencer in The Daily Telegraph was unforgiving: ‘Elyot seems to be endlessly rewriting the same play, like a composer working endless variations on the same theme’.11 In The Observer, Susannah Clapp suggested My Night with Reg had ‘changed the theatrical ecology’ but that Elyot’s subsequent plays, with their ‘Reg-like themes’, were more of the same so less important.12
Other critics were dismayed not so much by Elyot’s subject – around this time there were many plays about child sexual abuse including Bryony Lavery’s Frozen, Alan Bennett’s The History Boys and Lucy Prebble’s The Sugar Syndrome – as by what they saw as Elyot’s reticence concerning his subject. In the New Statesman, Michael Portillo found the plot implausible, something he lamented because the play had ‘the makings of a really disturbing evening’ about the ‘shocking subject of paedophilia’.13 In the Financial Times Sarah Hemming wondered, ‘Although Elyot suggests the sickly desperation of obsession, he does not explore the true impact of it. Is Don just a deluded fantasist or is he a serious sex offender? There is a difference.’14 And a Times Literary Supplement review by Maria Margaronis is fascinating, because it recalls the disappointment expressed by the literary agent Peggy Ramsay about Elyot’s first play Coming Clean – Ramsay identified in Elyot a fear of ‘NOT fac[ing] the truth, right down to the lowest depths’.15 ‘[I]n the end,’ Margaronis wrote,
Elyot runs away from the complexities he has conjured up, slamming the door on them with a crude Hitchcockian revelation. The emotional suspense, the tissue of hopes and delusions are all undone with a kind of callousness, as if, like one of his ruefully self-critical characters, he wanted to smash what he had made, as if he thought he had to choose between clichéd irresolution and cool cynicism. He is a much better writer than that, at home like no other contemporary British playwright in the vertiginous space between lyricism and black humour. Next time, perhaps he will take risks instead of refuge.16
Sadly, except for one fascinating but perhaps unfinished, posthumously produced play, there was no next time.
I admire much about the writing in Forty Winks, not least its spareness – it is almost as laconic as Theorem. But it is the only one of Elyot’s plays that I think fails as drama – I tend to agree with Portillo, Hemmings and Margaronis that we do not really get into the mind and soul of the play’s abuser, and we certainly don’t see much of the consequences of his actions upon his victim(s). Don and Diana’s epiphany at Theorem, and the ways Don consumes each member of Diana’s family, lend a satisfying, Theorem-like ambiguity to proceedings – are their meetings with Don good or bad for them? But where Hermia is concerned, surely we have to conclude that her meetings with Don are unambiguously bad. Her narcolepsy gives her a whimsical quality that recalls the daughter’s catatonia in Theorem, the sleep and dreams of the quartet of lovers in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and the sixteen-year ‘death’ of Hermione in A Winter’s Tale (Hermia was played by Carey Mulligan in the original production, and I remember her being affecting and other-worldly). But this is a contrivance that makes her a mere fairy-tale child of the Heath, with no internal life, protected from the brutal reality of what is done to her by the romantic idea of ‘forty winks’.
Elyot wrote the plays he wanted to write. Once he’d delivered them, he rarely rewrote anything, because he’d chiselled his themes, characters and structures into the shapes he wanted over a long – and if the notebooks in the archive are anything to go by, torturous – writing process. Its original director Katie Mitchell argues that Forty Winks is not about child molestation, which she calls a metaphor for Elyot’s true subject:
how some people cannot escape the past, and are diminished by it, and do not live a full life because of it […] It is also about the family, death, and frustrated desire.17
This is surely true – Elyot was a Proustian, and My Night with Reg and The Day I Stood Still are masterpieces about the raptures and tyrannies of the past and their impact on the present. But Mitchell’s point only speaks to my objection that Hermia is a cog in the playwright’s engine. As an audience member at the Royal Court in 2004, and as a reader today, I was and remain vexed and frustrated by a play in the Don Juan tradition whose Don doesn’t challenge my moral certainties but supports them.
Forty Winks is published by Nick Hern Books. Other Kevin Elyot plays are available in this excellent collection. I prefer the stage play of My Night with Reg to the BBC film, in which the time tricks are less effective, but the film is an important document of the original production and its superb cast, and can be found on YouTube.
This work was inspired and developed through the generous support of the Kevin Elyot Award at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection.
5 Elyot, quoted in Mireia Aragay and Pilar Zozaya, ‘Kevin Elyot’, in British Theatre of the 1990s: Interviews with Directors, Playwrights, Critics and Academics, ed. by Aragay, Hildegard Klein, Enric Monforte, Zozaya (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 71.
6 Elyot, Interview 20 August 2001, in Laurence Bathurst, ‘Contemporary Gay Drama: The End of a Modern Crusade?’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leicester, 2005), pp. 244-5.
7 Christopher Hampton, Introduction to Molière, Don Juan, trans. by Hampton (London: Faber, 1974), p. 18.
8 Tirso de Molina, The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest, trans. by Gwynne Edwards (Oxford: Oxbow, 1986), pp.5-7, 11.
9 Thomas Shadwell, The Libertine, in Four Restoration Libertine Plays, ed. by Deborah Payne Fisk (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 11, 74.
10 Elyot to Aragay and Zozaya in Aragay, Klein, Monforte and Zozaya, p. 70.
11 Charles Spencer, ‘A dramatist recycling himself’, Daily Telegraph, 5 November 2004, p. 22, UBTC KE/3/29/5.
12 Susannah Clapp, ‘Perchance to dream’, Observer, 7 November 2004, Review p. 10, UBTC KE/3/29/5.
13 Michael Portillo, ‘Friends reunited’, New Statesman, 15 November 2004, p. 44, UBTC KE/3/29/5.
14 Sarah Hemming, Financial Times, 17 November 2004, p. 15, UBTC KE/3/29/5.
15 Margaret Ramsay to Elyot, 17 November 1982, UBTC KE/3/5/13.
16 Maria Margaronis, ‘As happy as they’ll ever be’, Times Literary Supplement, 18 November 2004, p. 21, UBTC KE/3/29/5.
17 Katie Mitchell, quoted in Maria Shevtsosva, ‘On Directing: a Conversation with Katie Mitchell’, New Theatre Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 1 (2006), pp. 3-18 (p. 16).
In 2021, the Theatre Collection successfully applied for a Research Resources Award from Wellcome for the ‘Firestarters’ project to make available the archive of the arts organisation, Welfare State International (WSI). The project was developed in response to demand to explore WSI’s innovative methodologies from a broad spectrum of researchers and practitioners and the archive will provide evidence and inspiration for future research and practice.
Hello from the Firestarters (Welfare State International archive) team!
We are storming ahead to our ever-closer project deadline. We’ve been working hard cataloguing, digitising, rights management-ing, and we’re excited to reveal all – in time…
Taking up most of our time is the bulk of the task here – cataloguing – and so naturally our biggest news is that we have a full catalogue structure.
The overall catalogue structure
A large proportion of the Welfare State International archive – around 40% by our calculations – will be under WSI/5, or material related to the company’s productions. The widest range of material formats will also be available in this class, from handwritten and hand-drawn development notes to correspondence to scripts, scores, lyrics and technical drawings, as well as publicity material, press coverage, evaluations/reports and photographic/audiovisual material, providing a breadth of source material for understanding what it takes to run a complex arts organisation for so long, often reflecting changes in the financial, geographic and artistic landscape of British theatre since the 1960s.
Some of our team of volunteers working on cataloguing the collection
Alongside our team of volunteers, without whom this would not be possible, we are well on our way through our list of productions and have been able to publish(!) the catalogue entries for the first over-120 productions (see here). We’ll be adding more progressively as we go through the almost 500 productions on the catalogue. The vastness of WSI’s work meant that we, in consultation with and guided by John Fox and Sue Gill, developed a list of what we’ve called our “Key Productions” – 23 productions that we hope are most representative of WSI’s output, from large-scale pyrotechnics to sculptural exhibitions, cross-country tours to long residencies. For these productions, we have chosen to catalogue in greater detail than the others, with more records at item and file level, allowing for more in-depth search and greater scope for digitisation.
Poster for the Wild Windmill Gala (Haverhill, August 1982) WSI/5/3/37/4/1, available now on our Digital Archive
Joining the team last summer as our project Digitisation Officer, Simon Goldstein has been working through our catalogued material, making digital copies of photographic material (prints, slides, negatives) alongside documents we’ve selected for digitisation from our productions series – at last count, 3860 physical items have been digitally preserved. This will allow us not only to conserve vulnerable material but create copies accessible from around the world, unlocking the collection to researchers worldwide and bringing in a wider audience to the collection and work of the entire Theatre Collection. By the end of the project, anyone will be able to access these digital copies where they’re available through the online catalogue, with some material already available – especially noteworthy are the vibrant array of posters already uploaded onto our Digital Archive. As the archive catalogue grows, so too will the amount of digital material accessible.
Greater access to the collection through cataloguing has also kept us busy helping with archival engagement, with two notable groups from earlier this year being the different interdisciplinary research groups funded by the Brigstow Institute Seedcorn Awards and BA Graphic Design students from the University of the West of England – with both sets of groups responding to both the work of Welfare State International as well the materiality of the archival collection.
So – for the lowdown – we’re getting there! There’s much more to do, but we’re excited (if also a bit daunted) by the not-so-distant prospect of a full catalogue that will bring more people into the world of the Welfare State.
Till next time,
Billy Harvell-Smith, Archive Assistant, Firestarters (the Welfare State International archive)